I. Wave Soldering Principle
Wave soldering is a process that utilizes the pumping function to create a special wave of molten solder on the surface of the soldering material. When electronic components are inserted into the solder wave, a point welding process is produced in the soldering area of the component. During the process, the components are heated in the heating zone of the soldering machine (the heating of the components and the desired temperature are regulated by the set temperature curve). In practice, it is often necessary to adjust the heating temperature of the component surface, so many machines have corresponding temperature detection devices (such as infrared detectors). After heating, the components enter the solder bath for soldering. The solder bath contains molten solder, and the steel nozzle at the bottom of the bath sprays the molten solder out into a wave shape. As a result, when the component passes through the solder wave, the solder wets the soldering area of the component and expands to fill it, thereby completing the soldering process.
II. Wave Soldering Maintenance
With prolonged equipment operation, organic and inorganic contaminants such as rosin flux and solder flux may adhere and solidify. To prevent secondary contamination of PCBs and ensure smooth process implementation, it is necessary to regularly maintain and clean machine components. Maintenance tasks are typically scheduled based on specific production needs, such as daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly intervals. The following are some reference maintenance tasks:
- Daily Maintenance:
- Remove residue from the solder pot, collect solder dross using a solder spoon, and add reducing powder to reduce any remaining dross.
- Clean both sides of the protective glass with a clean cloth dipped in glass cleaner.
- Use a hand brush dipped in cleaner to clean dirt from the chain claws, and use a bamboo stick to remove dirt between the chain claws and black pieces.
- Remove the filter from the spray exhaust hood and clean it with cleaner.
- Weekly Maintenance:
- Clean the wave soldering components.
- Wipe the entrance end and PCB sensor with a clean cloth.
- Remove dirty lubricating oil from the two wave solder pump bearings, and inject new oil into the bearings using an oil gun.
- Remove the exhaust hoses from the flux area and heating area, and clean the internal structure from any dirt or flux residue.
- Clean the machine casing, base, internal walls, flux cylinder, and cleaning claws.
- Monthly Maintenance:
- Clean the slide rails, position sensors, and seals of the flux nozzle, and apply new lubricating oil to the slide rails.
- Remove the cooling fan from the control cabinet, clean the grille, let it air dry, and reinstall.
- Apply new lubricating oil to the drive chain and clean the drive chain, motor, and mesh guard.
- Inspect the sealing rubber rings of the flux nozzle for damage.
- Disassemble both wave solder pumps, clean solder dross and dirty lubricating oil from the lower ends of the pumps, clean the motor mesh guard, and inject new oil into the bearings using an oil gun.
- Quarterly Maintenance:
- Remove and soak the entire drive chain or chain claws in cleaner, then reinstall and apply lubricating oil.
The above constitutes all the content regarding the principle and maintenance knowledge of wave soldering. DEZ pneumatic fixture cleaning machines are commonly used for wave soldering fixture and chain claw cleaning. For more information on wave soldering, further research on the internet, such as through Baidu, can provide additional insights.
